Stripped: Los Angeles
Sep 30, 2020

IMDb Page
  • Average Age of Cast at Release:
  • Cast Members Alive:
  • Gender Split (F:M):
  • Percent of Cast with Demo Info:
Profile Pic Name Character Birthday Deathday Age at Release
Della Dane Performer
Erica Chappell Performer
Nikki Knightly Performer
Sizi Sev Performer
Bama Babii Performer